Análisis ROC y z-ROC en memoria de reconocimiento: modelos continuos, de umbral y asimétricos / ROC and z-ROC analysis in recognition memory: Continuous, threshold, and asymmetric models

En esta investigación aplicamos la característica operativa del receptor (ROC) para evaluar la memoria de reconocimiento de ítems mediante palabras de clase abierta (CA) y clase cerrada (CC). El objetivo consistió en evaluar procesos y modelos de la memoria a partir del tipo de estímulos utilizados: palabras en lengua española, clasificadas según características gramaticales. En el registro de datos se aplicó una escala de estimación (EE) con el objeto de obtener los niveles apropiados de respuesta. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el procesamiento de ambos tipos de palabras. Obtuvimos modelos de umbral, continuos y de varianza desigual. Con ello pudimos contribuir a la resolución de la controversia actual sobre los modelos más adecuados para evaluar la memoria de reconocimiento de ítems. Finalmente, se argumenta sobre la diferenciación e integración de los modelos desde un punto de vista empírico (AU)

In this research, we applied the operating characteristic of the receiver (ROC) to evaluate item-recognition memory by means of open class words (CA) and closed class words (CC). The purpose was to evaluate memory processes and models, according to the type of stimuli used: words in Spanish, classified according to grammar characteristics. To register the data, a rating scale was applied to obtain the appropriate response levels. Statistically significant differences between the processing of both types of words were obtained. We evaluated models of threshold, continuous, and unequal variance. As a result, we could contribute to the resolution of the present controversy about the models adapted to evaluate the memory of item recognition. Lastly, the differentiation and integration of the models from an empirical point of view is discussed (AU)

[ROC and z-ROC analysis in recognition memory: continuous, threshold, and asymmetric models]. / Análisis ROC y z-ROC en memoria de reconocimiento: modelos continuos, de umbral y asimétricos.

In this research, we applied the operating characteristic of the receiver (ROC) to evaluate item-recognition memory by means of open class words (CA) and closed class words (CC). The purpose was to evaluate memory processes and models, according to the type of stimuli used: words in Spanish, classified according to grammar characteristics. To register the data, a rating scale was applied to obtain the appropriate response levels. Statistically significant differences between the processing of both types of words were obtained. We evaluated models of threshold, continuous, and unequal variance. As a result, we could contribute to the resolution of the present controversy about the models adapted to evaluate the memory of item recognition. Lastly, the differentiation and integration of the models from an empirical point of view is discussed.

Prevalencia, sintomatología y distribución del trastorno negativista desafiante / Prevalence, symptoms and distribution of oppositional defiant disorder

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en averiguar la evolución epidemiológica del Trastorno Negativista Desafiante (TND) entre los adolescentes, tomando como muestra alumnos de IES de la comarca del Campo de Gibraltar (Cádiz). El rango de edad de los alumnos se situó entre 12 y 16 años. Se realizaron dos evaluaciones, la primera durante el curso escolar 2001-2002 y la segunda en el curso escolar 2006-2007. La muestra estuvo constituida por 2.310 estudiantes en el primer estudio y por 2.351 estudiantes en el segundo. Se utilizó una metodología comparativo-selectiva. Los resultados de la comparación resultaron ser consistentes con una prevalencia de entre un 3,77% y un 3,83%, manteniéndose la sintomatología predominante, pero con ciertos cambios en su distribución por cursos. En efecto, el registro de datos mostró más casos en los cursos finales (1er estudio) frente a una mayor concentración de casos en los cursos iniciales (2º estudio). En cuanto a la frecuencia del TND según el sexo, encontramos que mientras que en el primer estudio (2001-2002) la relación entre niños y niñas fue de 3,5:1, en el estudio del curso 2006/2007 el número de niños cuadruplicó a la de niñas (AU)

The purpose of this work was to determine the epidemiological evolution of the Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in adolescents, using a sample of Secondary School students of the region of Campo de Gibraltar (Cadiz). The students’ age ranged from 12 to 16 years old. Two evaluations were completed, the first one during the school year 2001-2002 and the second one in the school year 2006-2007. The sample comprised 2310 students in the first study and 2351 students in the second one. We used a comparative-selective approach. The results of the comparison revealed a prevalence ranging from 3.77% to 3.83% of students with this disorder, maintaining the main symptoms and with some changes in its distribution as a function of the school grade. Indeed, the data showed more cases in the final courses (1st study) in contrast with a higher concentration of cases in the initial courses (2nd study). With regard to the frequency of ODD by sex, we found that whereas in the earlier study (2001-2002), the relationship between boys and girls was 3.5:1, in the school year 2006/2007, the number of boys with ODD quadrupled the number of girls (AU)

[Prevalence, symptoms and distribution of oppositional defiant disorder]. / Prevalencia, sintomatología y distribución del trastorno negativista desafi ante.

The purpose of this work was to determine the epidemiological evolution of the Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in adolescents, using a sample of Secondary School students of the region of Campo de Gibraltar (Cadiz). The students' age ranged from 12 to 16 years old. Two evaluations were completed, the first one during the school year 2001-2002 and the second one in the school year 2006-2007. The sample comprised 2310 students in the first study and 2351 students in the second one. We used a comparative-selective approach. The results of the comparison revealed a prevalence ranging from 3.77% to 3.83% of students with this disorder, maintaining the main symptoms and with some changes in its distribution as a function of the school grade. Indeed, the data showed more cases in the final courses (1st study) in contrast with a higher concentration of cases in the initial courses (2nd study). With regard to the frequency of ODD by sex, we found that whereas in the earlier study (2001-2002), the relationship between boys and girls was 3.5:1, in the school year 2006/2007, the number of boys with ODD quadrupled the number of girls.